Field Evidence Glossary

This glossary provides definitions for key terms related to field evidence in land surveying. Understanding these terms is crucial for accurate evaluation and interpretation of boundary evidence.

Artificial Monument

A man-made object used to mark a specific point or boundary, such as iron pipes, concrete posts, or survey markers.

Bearing Tree

A tree near a corner or line of a survey that is blazed and scribed with identifying marks to serve as a reference point.

Benchmark

A permanently marked point of known elevation used as a reference for surveying or other measurements.

Corner

A point where two or more boundary lines meet, often marked by a monument or other physical evidence.

Encroachment

The unauthorized extension of a structure or improvement beyond the property line onto adjacent land.

Meander Line

A series of straight lines that approximate the shoreline of a body of water, used in legal descriptions of riparian properties.

Monument

A physical object, either natural or artificial, used to mark the location of a survey point or property corner.

Natural Monument

A distinctive natural feature used as a boundary marker, such as a large rock, tree, or stream.

Occupation Line

A visible line of possession or use, such as a fence or hedge, that may indicate a property boundary.

Original Corner

A corner established during the original government survey, often given precedence in boundary disputes.

Parcel

A defined area of land with ascertainable boundaries, typically described in a deed or other legal document.

Right-of-Way

A legal right to pass through property owned by another, often established for roads, utilities, or other purposes.

Witness Corner

A monumented point near a true corner, used when the true corner cannot be monumented directly.

Additional Resources