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Historical Boundary Survey Document (1855)

BOUNDARY SURVEY AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS Madison County, State of New York April 15th, 1855 I, James W. Henderson, being a duly appointed County Surveyor, do hereby certify that on the 12th day of April, 1855, at the request of Mr. Jonathan Blackwood, I commenced the survey of his lands... Weather Conditions: Clear sky, temp. 52°F, light westerly breeze Instruments Used: Gunter's Chain (tested for accuracy), Surveyor's Compass (variation 4°15' West) Survey Crew: Self, Thomas Wright (chainman), Samuel Cooper (marker) Beginning at a large white oak tree (48" dia.) marked with three notches, thence North 42°15' East, 23 chains 47 links to a stone cairn, thence South 87°32' East, 31 chains 12 links to a black walnut (36" dia.), thence South 2°18' West, 27 chains 85 links to a limestone marker... Notable Features Observed: - Spring-fed creek, 6 feet wide, flowing SE direction - Ancient Indian burial mound, 20 feet diameter - Grove of sugar maple trees, approximately 2 acres - Old trail crossing property, bearing NE to SW Land Quality Assessment: - Soil: Rich loam, suitable for cultivation (75% of tract) - Timber: Oak, Maple, Walnut predominant - Water: Two permanent springs, one intermittent stream Adjacent Landowners: - North: Samuel Thompson (Patent No. 1842-156) - East: William Harrison Estate - South: Public Road and James Monroe tract Survey Methodology: - Compass adjusted for magnetic variation - Chain tested against standard measure - Monuments set at all corners Total Area Computation: 142 acres, 3 roods, 12 perches (Equal to 142.78 acres decimal measure)
Weather and Initial Conditions: Clear day with excellent visibility for compass readings
Equipment Verification: Chain tested against county standard, showing no significant variation
Ancient Indian Burial Mound: Careful measurements taken to preserve location for historical record
Creek Crossing: Width measurements taken at three points for water rights documentation
Timber Assessment: Notable stands of valuable black walnut marked for preservation
Soil Quality: Test pits dug at regular intervals showing consistent loam depth
Property Corners: All marked with permanent monuments and witness trees
Boundary Disputes: Previous claims by Harrison Estate noted but not validated
Weather & Atmospheric Conditions
April 15, 1855: Dawn temperature 48°F, rising to 62°F by midday. Clear skies, barometer 30.12", light westerly breeze. Excellent visibility for compass readings. No magnetic disturbances noted.
Equipment Calibration
Gunter's Chain verified against county standard - variation less than 0.1 links over full length. Compass adjusted for 4°15' western magnetic deviation. Transit level bubble calibrated at dawn.
Soil & Geology Assessment
Rich loam soil, depth 18-24 inches. Underlying limestone bedrock. Six test pits dug at 10-chain intervals. Water table at 8 feet. Clay substrata present in NE quadrant.
Timber Survey
Primary growth: White Oak (40%), Sugar Maple (30%), Black Walnut (15%), misc. hardwoods (15%). Notable stand of Black Walnut in NW quarter, trees 24-36" diameter. Estimated 50,000 board feet merchantable timber.
Water Resources
Spring-fed creek, 6' wide, 8" deep, flowing SE at est. 15 cubic feet/minute. Two permanent springs marked. Creek crossing points at chains 12+50, 24+75, and 31+20. Water rights noted in 1842 grant.
Archaeological Features
Indian burial mound, 20' diameter, 4' height at N38°15'E, 15 chains from SW corner. Ancient trail crossing property NE to SW. Pottery fragments observed. County Historical Society notified.
Property Improvements
Log cabin (20'x30') at N20°E, 25 chains from SW corner. Root cellar, barn foundation, and well noted. Stone wall along north boundary, varying 6-8' width. Agricultural clearing approx. 40 acres.

Map Legend

Property Boundaries
Survey Markers
Natural Monuments

Historical Context & Related Documents

19th Century Land Surveying

1785 - Land Ordinance

Established the Public Land Survey System, fundamentally changing American land surveying.

1815 - Evolution of Tools

Introduction of improved compass and chain technologies.

1855 - This Survey

Represents peak standardization of American surveying practices.

Surveying in 1855

Unit Modern Equivalent
1 Chain 66 feet
1 Link 7.92 inches
1 Rod 16.5 feet